We instinctively know that music can change people, from filling an athlete with energy before a big competition to calming a child down before bed. But what about in clinical settings? What about the kinds of drastic, long-lasting change we seek when we are looking to recover from mental illness, substance use disorder, or both? What effects can music have then? The idea of music as therapy in the medical field has been around since at least the 1800s, but